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1. Lean M et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet, Dec 2017.
2. Lean M et al. Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Mar 2019
3. United Kingdom Supreme Court. Shanks v Unilever Plc and others. Judgement given on 23 October 2019. Pdf avail at https://www.supremecourt.uk/cases/docs/uksc-2017-0032-judgment.pdf
4. Myriam A, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident acute myocardial infarction and stroke: findings from matched cohort study of 18 million European adults BMJ 2019; 367 :l5367
5. Duckworth W, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jan 8;360(2):129-39
6. Hayward R, et al. Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jun 4;372(23): 2197-206
7. Reaven P, et al. Intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes - 15-year follow-up. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 6;380(23):2215-2224

p8-12 Gestational Diabetes

1. Moses RG, Goluza I, Borchard J, Harman A, Dunning A, Milosavljevic M. The prevalence of diabetes after gestational diabetes – an Australian perspective.  Aust NZ J Obstet Gynecol 2017 ; 57: 157-161.
2. Simmons D, Moses RG. Screening for gestational diabetes. To screen or not to screen? Is this still a question? Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 2877-2878.
3. Moses RG. HbA1c and the diagnosis of GDM – a test whose time has not yet come. Diab Res Clin Pract 2012; 98: 3-4.
4. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group, Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, Trimble ER, Chaovarindr U, Coustan DR, Hadden DR, McCance DR, Hod M, McIntyre HD, Oats JJ, Persson B, Rogers MS, Sacks DA N Engl J Med. 2008;358(19):1991.
5. World Health Organisation. Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycemia first detected in pregnancy. 2013
6. Moses RG, SanGil F, Morris G, Petocz P, Garg D. Impact of the potential new diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Australia. Med J Aust 2011; 194: 338-340.

p18-19 Glucose Lowering Medication Decision Flow Chart

1. Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, Rossing P, Tsapas A, Wexler DJ, Buse JB. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the EuropeanAssociation for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia(2018) 61:2461–2498  https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00125-018-4729-5.pdf
2. Davies MJ. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: the 2018 consensus report by ADA/EASD Insights from one of the authors. Br J Diabetes 2018;18:137-140.  https://bjd-abcd.com/index.php/bjd/article/view/375/551

p20-23 Free Community Exercise Programs

1. McGuire A, Anderson D & Fulbrook P. Perceived barriers to healthy lifestyle activities in midlife and older Australian women with type 2 diabetes. Collegian 2014;21(4):301-310.

p24-28 Diabetes Management In Residential Aged Care

1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Diabetes Snapshot. Canberra; 2018. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/diabetes-snapshot/contents/how-many-australians-have-diabetes.
2. Rewers M, Ludvigsson J. Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2016;387(10035):2340-2348. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30507-4
3. Simmons JH, Chen V, Miller KM, et al. Differences in the management of type 1 diabetes among adults under excellent control compared with those under poor control in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry . Diabetes care . 2013;36(11):3573-3577. doi:10.2337/dc12-2643
4. Shulman R, Luo J, Shah BR. Mental health visits and low socio-economic status in adolescence are associated with complications of Type 1 diabetes in early adulthood: a population-based cohort study. Diabet Med. 2018;35(7):920-928. doi:10.1111/dme.13633
5. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 3235.0 - Regional Population by Age and Sex, Australia 2017. Canberra; 2018. https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3235.0Main+Features12017?OpenDocument.
6. National Diabetes Services Scheme. Diabetes Map. https://map.ndss.com.au/. Published 2017.
7. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Incidence of insulin-treated diabetes in Australia. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/diabetes/incidence-insulin-treated-diabetes-australia-2017/contents/new-insulin-users. Published 2019.
8. Dunning T, Duggan N, Savage S. The McKellar Guidelines for Managing Older People with Diabetes in Residential and Other Care Settings. Geelong: Deakin University and Barwon Health; 2014.

P30-31 Reality Check – Managing Diabetes in Group Homes

1. O’Dwyer M, McCallion P, McCarron M, Henman M. Medication use and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults with intellectual disabilities: a neglected area of research. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety. 2018;9(9):535-557.
2. Haider S, Ansari Z, Vaughan L, Matters H, Emerson E. Health and wellbeing of Victorian adults with intellectual disability compared to the general Victorian population. Research in Developmental Disabilities. 2013;34(11):4034-4042.

p32 – p34  Food Stuff – Gut Microbiome and Diabetes

1. McLeod K, R., J, Yap YA and Mariño E Dietary Short Chain Fatty Acids: How the Gut Microbiota Fight Against Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. in Bioactive food as dietary interventions for arthritis and related inflammatory diseases. (ed. Preedy, R.R.W.a.V.R.) 139-152 (Elssevier, United Kingdom and United States, 2019).
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3. Arrieta, M.-C., Stiemsma, L.T., Amenyogbe, N., Brown, E.M. & Finlay, B. The Intestinal Microbiome in Early Life: Health and Disease. Frontiers in Immunology 5, 427 (2014).
4. Kundu, P., Blacher, E., Elinav, E. & Pettersson, S. Our Gut Microbiome: The Evolving Inner Self. Cell 171, 1481-1493 (2017).
5. Blaser, M.J. The theory of disappearing microbiota and the epidemics of chronic diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 17, 461-463 (2017).
6. Lozupone, C.A., Stombaugh, J.I., Gordon, J.I., Jansson, J.K. & Knight, R. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature 489, 220-230 (2012).
7. Marino, E., et al. Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nat Immunol 18, 552-562 (2017).
8. Knip, M. & Siljander, H. The role of the intestinal microbiota in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature reviews. Endocrinology 12, 154-167 (2016).
9. Brown, C.T., et al. Gut microbiome metagenomics analysis suggests a functional model for the development of autoimmunity for type 1 diabetes. PloS one 6, e25792 (2011).
10. Vatanen, T., et al. The human gut microbiome in early-onset type 1 diabetes from the TEDDY study. Nature 562, 589-594 (2018).
11. Zhao, L., et al. Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes. Science 359, 1151-1156 (2018).
12. Hartley, L., May, M.D., Loveman, E., Colquitt, J.L. & Rees, K. Dietary fibre for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 1, Cd011472 (2016).
13. Thorburn, A.N., Macia, L. & Mackay, C.R. Diet, metabolites, and "western-lifestyle" inflammatory diseases. Immunity 40, 833-842 (2014).
14. Thorburn, A.N., et al. Evidence that asthma is a developmental origin disease influenced by maternal diet and bacterial metabolites. Nature communications 6(2015).
15. Tian, Y., Nichols, R.G., Cai, J., Patterson, A.D. & Cantorna, M.T. Vitamin A deficiency in mice alters host and gut microbial metabolism leading to altered energy homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 54, 28-34 (2018).
16. Xia, T., et al. Dietary ZnO nanoparticles alters intestinal microbiota and inflammation response in weaned piglets. Oncotarget 8, 64878-64891 (2017).
17. Plaza-Diaz, J., Ruiz-Ojeda, F.J., Vilchez-Padial, L.M. & Gil, A. Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 9(2017).
18. Gibson, G.R., et al. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14, 491-502 (2017).
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24. Huang, H.L., et al. Relief of irritable bowel syndrome by fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with changes in diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. J Dig Dis 20, 401-408 (2019).

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