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p 8-11 Cardiovascular screening in diabetes

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p12-13 Cardiovascular disease prevention in diabetes

1. Aschner, P. (2017). New IDF clinical practice recommendations for managing type 2 diabetes in primary care.
2. Lalor, E., Boyden, A., Cadilhac, D., Colagiur, S., Doust, J., Fraser, D., ... & Lusis, N. (2012). Guidelines for the management of absolute cardiovascular disease risk.
3. Ackermann, E., Harris, M. F., Alexander, K., Arcus, M., Bailey, L., Bennett, J. W., ... & Fasher, M. (2012). Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice.
4. Deed, G., Ackermann, E., Arthur, I., Barlow, J., Jagadeesan, S., Kawol, D., ... & Saleh, A. (2016). General Practice Management of Type 2 Diabetes: 2016–18.
5. Aschner, P. (2017). New IDF clinical practice recommendations for managing type 2 diabetes in primary care.
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11. Polsky, S., & Akturk, H. K. (2017). Alcohol consumption, diabetes risk, and cardiovascular disease within diabetes. Current diabetes reports, 17(12), 136.

p14-16 PCOS and diabetes: New management guidelines

1. Yilmaz B, Vellanki P, Ata B, Yildiz BO. Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and sterility. 2018;109(2):356.
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4. Fessler DMT, Natterson-Horowitz B, Azziz R. Evolutionary determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 2. Fertility and Sterility. 2016;106(1):42-47.
5. Tata B, Mimouni NEH, Barbotin AL, et al. Elevated prenatal anti-Mullerian hormone reprograms the fetus and induces polycystic ovary syndrome in adulthood. Nat Med. 2018.
6. Norman R, Teede H. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Medical Journal of Australia. 2018;In press.
7. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DIW, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Human Reproduction. 2010;25(2):544-551.
8. Boyle JA CJ, O’Dea K, Dunbar T, Norman RJ. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a sample of Indigenous women in Darwin, Australia. Med J Aust. 2012;196(1):62–66.
9. Yildiz BO, Bozdag G, Yapici Z, Esinler I, Yarali H. Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria. Human Reproduction. 2012;27(10):3067-3073.
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p18-19 New diabetes medications – which T2D agents actually save lives?

1. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837-53.
2. Stratton IM, Alder AI, Neil HAW, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. British Medical Journal. 2000;321:405-12.
3. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC, Jr., Bigger JT, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2545-59.
4. Advance Collaborative Group, Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2560-72.
5. Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129-39.
6. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(15):1577-89.
7. Davis TM, Chubb SA, Bruce DG, Davis WA. Metabolic memory and all-cause death in community-based patients with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18(6):598-606.
8. Davies MJ, D'Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2018.
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10. Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, Steg PG, Davidson J, Hirshberg B, et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(14):1317-26.
11. White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR, Nissen SE, Bergenstal RM, Bakris GL, et al. Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(14):1327-35.
12. Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW, Buse JB, Engel SS, Garg J, et al. Effect of Sitagliptin on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(3):232-42.
13. Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Alexander JH, Cooper ME, Marx N, Pencina MJ, et al. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the CArdiovascular safety and Renal Microvascular outcomE study with LINAgliptin (CARMELINA((R))): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardio-renal risk. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):39.
14. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, Fitchett D, Bluhmki E, Hantel S, et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-28.
15. Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW, de Zeeuw D, Fulcher G, Erondu N, et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(7):644-57.
16. Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, Dickstein K, Gerstein HC, Kober LV, et al. Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247-57.
17. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K, Kristensen P, Mann JF, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311-22.
18. Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jodar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834-44.
19. Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, et al. Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228-39.
20. Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S, D'Agostino RB, Sr., Granger CB, Jones NP, et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018.

p22-23 Fit for it – Exercise prescription for T2D & cardiovascular disease

1. Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Koro CE, Ephross SA, Brown JB. The incidence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: an update. Diabetes Care. 2004 Aug 1;27(8):1879-84.
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3. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007–2017. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 2018;17:83. doi:10.1186/s12933-018-072
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5. Anderson LJ, Taylor RS. Cardiac rehabilitation for people with heart disease: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. International Journal of Cardiology. 2014 Dec 15;177(2):348-61
6. Hansen D, Niebauer J, Cornelissen V, Barna O, Neunhäuserer D, Stettler C, Tonoli C, Greco E, Fagard R, Coninx K, Vanhees L. Exercise Prescription in Patients with Different Combinations of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Consensus Statement from the EXPERT Working Group. Sports Medicine. 2018 May 4:1-7.
7. Borghouts LB, Keizer HA. Exercise insulin sensitivity: a review. Int J Sports Med 2000;21:1–12.
8. Gulve EA. Exercise and glycemic control in diabetes: benefits, challenges, and adjustments to pharmacotherapy. Physical Therapy. 2008 Nov 1;88(11):1297-321.
9. Handbook Of Non Drug Intervention (HANDI) Project Team. Exercise based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease [Internet]. [cited 2018 Sept]. Available from: https://www.racgp.org.au/your-practice/guidelines/handi/interventions/cardiovascular/exercise-based-rehabilitation-for-coronary-heart-disease/
10. Selig SE, Levinger I, Williams AD, Smart N, Holland DJ, Maiorana A, Green DJ, Hare DL. Exercise & Sports Science Australia Position Statement on exercise training and chronic heart failure. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010 May 1;13(3):288-94.

p28-29 Reality Check: overweight Aussie children

1. Spurrier NJ, Magarey A, Wong C. Recognition and management of childhood overweight and obesity by clinicians. J Paed Child Health 2006;42: 411- 418
2. Freedman DS, et al. The relation of childhood BMI to adult adiposity: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 22-7.
3. Xu J, Hardy JL, Guo CZ, Garnett SP. The trends and prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among Australian school-aged children, 1985-2014. J Paed Child Health 2018; 54: 907-912.
4. Mihrshahni S, Gow ML, Baur LA. Contemporary approaches to the prevention and management of paediatric obesity: an Australian focus. Med J Aust 2018; 209: 267-274.
5. Moore MJ, McKee M, Brownbill AL. Protecting our children from obesity: challenges and opportunities. (Editorial). Med J Aust 2018; 209: 253-252.
6. Smithers LG, Haag DG, Agnew B, et al. Food advertising on Australian television: Frequency, duration and monthly pattern of advertising from a commercial network (four channels) for the entire 2016. J Paed Child Health 2018; 54: 962-967.

p32-34 Food Stuff: The Sugar Wars

1. Australian Food and Grocery Council. Greens sugar tax (GST) an attack on regional jobs. Media release, 22 June 2016. Available at: https://www.afgc.org.au/2016/06/greens-sugar-tax-gst-an-attack-on-regional-jobs/
2. Imamura F, et al. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. Br J Sports Med 2016;50:496-504.
3. Pym H. Sugar tax is already producing results. BBC News, 12 March 2018. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-43372295
4. Veerman JL, et al. The Impact of a Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Health and Health Care Costs: A Modelling Study. 2016, PLoS ONE 11(4): e0151460
5. Nomaguchi T, et al. The impact on productivity of a hypothetical tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. Health Policy, 2017 Jun;121(6):715-725
6. Lal A, et al. Modelled health benefits of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax across different socioeconomic groups in Australia: A cost-effectiveness and equity analysis. 2017, PLoS Med 14(6): e1002326
7. Powell LM, et al. Employment impact of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(4):672-7.
8. Silver L, et al. Changes in prices, sales, consumer spending, and beverage consumption one year after a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Berkeley, California, US: A before-and-after study. PLoS Med. 2017 Apr 18;14(4):e1002283
9. Guerrero-López C, et al. Employment changes associated with the introduction of taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages and nonessential energy-dense food in Mexico. Preventive Medicine. 2017 Dec, vol 105 supp:S43-S49

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